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Vehicles powered by electric motors have gained advantages in front of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines due to their high efficiency and due to the fact that they do not emit noxious substances during their circulation. Although the technology of manufacturing electric vehicles is considered as a new technology, it has however an old history of almost 200 years. This technology recorded different periods of evolution, more or less intense, in correlation with the socio-economic conditions of human society development. This work reviews the main stages of development of electric vehicle technology, with examples of the main innovations and inventions of the development of electric motors for vehicle propulsion and electric batteries as sources of storage and power supply. Current issues related to electric vehicles are also discussed, such as ensuring the sustainability of this transport means from manufacturing to recycling life stages and the need to accelerate the energy transition in transportation sector.

Transportation; Vehicle propulsion; Electric vehicles; Electric motors; Electric batteries; Energy transition